The Human Security and Developmental Challenge in Zimbabwe: A Diagnosis of Nonviolent Resistance Approach by the Opposition Movement for Democratic Change Party, Since 1999

This study critically explores the dimensions of human security and developmental challenges in Zimbabwe using the concept of nonviolent resistance as an analytical framework and entry point for understanding post-colonial violence in this country. It examines the use of nonviolent resistance as a political strategy by the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) in the democratisation process in Zimbabwe, after its formation in 1999. Factors that promote violence in Zimbabwe‘s polity are identified and recommendations for moving Zimbabwe towards violence-free politics are preferred. It is argued that the practice and discourse of non-violent resistance is neither new nor unique to Zimbabwe. The thesis briefly traces the culture of violence and nonviolent resistance in Zimbabwe since 1980, and the non-violent strategies employed up to 1999. It examines post independent political and peace-building processes as missed opportunities in ending the culture of violence in Zimbabwe. This is a qualitative research study that draws data from document analysis, interviews and focus group discussions. The central thesis advanced by this study is that violence has been a major affront to human security which adversely affect development. Nonviolence, as a political strategy, has achieved considerable success in the democratisation process. It has helped to amplify the Zimbabwean struggle for democracy on the international scene. The study deploys the nonviolence theoretical framework to unmask political violence and democratisation processes. It leans towards the pursuit of nonviolent resistance as the panacea to human security and development, and as an approach to conflict resolution and peace building. This can help Zimbabwe to achieve its human development goals. The thesis recommends that governments and political parties must strive to achieve peace, human security and development.